Retry to checkin a version of gmock, modified to use our boost_tuple in VS2005.

testing/gmock/include/gmock/gmock-spec-builders.h

+// Copyright 2007, Google Inc.
+// All rights reserved.
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+//
+// Author: wan@google.com (Zhanyong Wan)
+
+// Google Mock - a framework for writing C++ mock classes.
+//
+// This file implements the ON_CALL() and EXPECT_CALL() macros.
+//
+// A user can use the ON_CALL() macro to specify the default action of
+// a mock method.  The syntax is:
+//
+//   ON_CALL(mock_object, Method(argument-matchers))
+//       .WithArguments(multi-argument-matcher)
+//       .WillByDefault(action);
+//
+//  where the .WithArguments() clause is optional.
+//
+// A user can use the EXPECT_CALL() macro to specify an expectation on
+// a mock method.  The syntax is:
+//
+//   EXPECT_CALL(mock_object, Method(argument-matchers))
+//       .WithArguments(multi-argument-matchers)
+//       .Times(cardinality)
+//       .InSequence(sequences)
+//       .WillOnce(action)
+//       .WillRepeatedly(action)
+//       .RetiresOnSaturation();
+//
+// where all clauses are optional, .InSequence() and .WillOnce() can
+// appear any number of times, and .Times() can be omitted only if
+// .WillOnce() or .WillRepeatedly() is present.
+
+#ifndef GMOCK_INCLUDE_GMOCK_GMOCK_SPEC_BUILDERS_H_
+#define GMOCK_INCLUDE_GMOCK_GMOCK_SPEC_BUILDERS_H_
+
+#include <map>
+#include <set>
+#include <sstream>
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include <gmock/gmock-actions.h>
+#include <gmock/gmock-cardinalities.h>
+#include <gmock/gmock-matchers.h>
+#include <gmock/gmock-printers.h>
+#include <gmock/internal/gmock-internal-utils.h>
+#include <gmock/internal/gmock-port.h>
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+namespace testing {
+
+// Anything inside the 'internal' namespace IS INTERNAL IMPLEMENTATION
+// and MUST NOT BE USED IN USER CODE!!!
+namespace internal {
+
+template <typename F>
+class FunctionMocker;
+
+// Base class for expectations.
+class ExpectationBase;
+
+// Helper class for testing the Expectation class template.
+class ExpectationTester;
+
+// Base class for function mockers.
+template <typename F>
+class FunctionMockerBase;
+
+// Helper class for implementing FunctionMockerBase<F>::InvokeWith().
+template <typename Result, typename F>
+class InvokeWithHelper;
+
+// Protects the mock object registry (in class Mock), all function
+// mockers, and all expectations.
+//
+// The reason we don't use more fine-grained protection is: when a
+// mock function Foo() is called, it needs to consult its expectations
+// to see which one should be picked.  If another thread is allowed to
+// call a mock function (either Foo() or a different one) at the same
+// time, it could affect the "retired" attributes of Foo()'s
+// expectations when InSequence() is used, and thus affect which
+// expectation gets picked.  Therefore, we sequence all mock function
+// calls to ensure the integrity of the mock objects' states.
+extern Mutex g_gmock_mutex;
+
+// Abstract base class of FunctionMockerBase.  This is the
+// type-agnostic part of the function mocker interface.  Its pure
+// virtual methods are implemented by FunctionMockerBase.
+class UntypedFunctionMockerBase {
+ public:
+  virtual ~UntypedFunctionMockerBase() {}
+
+  // Verifies that all expectations on this mock function have been
+  // satisfied.  Reports one or more Google Test non-fatal failures
+  // and returns false if not.
+  // L >= g_gmock_mutex
+  virtual bool VerifyAndClearExpectationsLocked() = 0;
+
+  // Clears the ON_CALL()s set on this mock function.
+  // L >= g_gmock_mutex
+  virtual void ClearDefaultActionsLocked() = 0;
+};  // class UntypedFunctionMockerBase
+
+// This template class implements a default action spec (i.e. an
+// ON_CALL() statement).
+template <typename F>
+class DefaultActionSpec {
+ public:
+  typedef typename Function<F>::ArgumentTuple ArgumentTuple;
+  typedef typename Function<F>::ArgumentMatcherTuple ArgumentMatcherTuple;
+
+  // Constructs a DefaultActionSpec object from the information inside
+  // the parenthesis of an ON_CALL() statement.
+  DefaultActionSpec(const char* file, int line,
+                    const ArgumentMatcherTuple& matchers)
+      : file_(file),
+        line_(line),
+        matchers_(matchers),
+        // By default, extra_matcher_ should match anything.  However,
+        // we cannot initialize it with _ as that triggers a compiler
+        // bug in Symbian's C++ compiler (cannot decide between two
+        // overloaded constructors of Matcher<const ArgumentTuple&>).
+        extra_matcher_(A<const ArgumentTuple&>()),
+        last_clause_(NONE) {
+  }
+
+  // Where in the source file was the default action spec defined?
+  const char* file() const { return file_; }
+  int line() const { return line_; }
+
+  // Implements the .WithArguments() clause.
+  DefaultActionSpec& WithArguments(const Matcher<const ArgumentTuple&>& m) {
+    // Makes sure this is called at most once.
+    ExpectSpecProperty(last_clause_ < WITH_ARGUMENTS,
+                       ".WithArguments() cannot appear "
+                       "more than once in an ON_CALL().");
+    last_clause_ = WITH_ARGUMENTS;
+
+    extra_matcher_ = m;
+    return *this;
+  }
+
+  // Implements the .WillByDefault() clause.
+  DefaultActionSpec& WillByDefault(const Action<F>& action) {
+    ExpectSpecProperty(last_clause_ < WILL_BY_DEFAULT,
+                       ".WillByDefault() must appear "
+                       "exactly once in an ON_CALL().");
+    last_clause_ = WILL_BY_DEFAULT;
+
+    ExpectSpecProperty(!action.IsDoDefault(),
+                       "DoDefault() cannot be used in ON_CALL().");
+    action_ = action;
+    return *this;
+  }
+
+  // Returns true iff the given arguments match the matchers.
+  bool Matches(const ArgumentTuple& args) const {
+    return TupleMatches(matchers_, args) && extra_matcher_.Matches(args);
+  }
+
+  // Returns the action specified by the user.
+  const Action<F>& GetAction() const {
+    AssertSpecProperty(last_clause_ == WILL_BY_DEFAULT,
+                       ".WillByDefault() must appear exactly "
+                       "once in an ON_CALL().");
+    return action_;
+  }
+ private:
+  // Gives each clause in the ON_CALL() statement a name.
+  enum Clause {
+    // Do not change the order of the enum members!  The run-time
+    // syntax checking relies on it.
+    NONE,
+    WITH_ARGUMENTS,
+    WILL_BY_DEFAULT,
+  };
+
+  // Asserts that the ON_CALL() statement has a certain property.
+  void AssertSpecProperty(bool property, const string& failure_message) const {
+    Assert(property, file_, line_, failure_message);
+  }
+
+  // Expects that the ON_CALL() statement has a certain property.
+  void ExpectSpecProperty(bool property, const string& failure_message) const {
+    Expect(property, file_, line_, failure_message);
+  }
+
+  // The information in statement
+  //
+  //   ON_CALL(mock_object, Method(matchers))
+  //       .WithArguments(multi-argument-matcher)
+  //       .WillByDefault(action);
+  //
+  // is recorded in the data members like this:
+  //
+  //   source file that contains the statement => file_
+  //   line number of the statement            => line_
+  //   matchers                                => matchers_
+  //   multi-argument-matcher                  => extra_matcher_
+  //   action                                  => action_
+  const char* file_;
+  int line_;
+  ArgumentMatcherTuple matchers_;
+  Matcher<const ArgumentTuple&> extra_matcher_;
+  Action<F> action_;
+
+  // The last clause in the ON_CALL() statement as seen so far.
+  // Initially NONE and changes as the statement is parsed.
+  Clause last_clause_;
+};  // class DefaultActionSpec
+
+// Possible reactions on uninteresting calls.
+enum CallReaction {
+  ALLOW,
+  WARN,
+  FAIL,
+};
+
+}  // namespace internal
+
+// Utilities for manipulating mock objects.
+class Mock {
+ public:
+  // The following public methods can be called concurrently.
+
+  // Tells Google Mock to ignore mock_obj when checking for leaked
+  // mock objects.
+  static void AllowLeak(const void* mock_obj);
+
+  // Verifies and clears all expectations on the given mock object.
+  // If the expectations aren't satisfied, generates one or more
+  // Google Test non-fatal failures and returns false.
+  static bool VerifyAndClearExpectations(void* mock_obj);
+
+  // Verifies all expectations on the given mock object and clears its
+  // default actions and expectations.  Returns true iff the
+  // verification was successful.
+  static bool VerifyAndClear(void* mock_obj);
+ private:
+  // Needed for a function mocker to register itself (so that we know
+  // how to clear a mock object).
+  template <typename F>
+  friend class internal::FunctionMockerBase;
+
+  template <typename R, typename Args>
+  friend class internal::InvokeWithHelper;
+
+  template <typename M>
+  friend class NiceMock;
+
+  template <typename M>
+  friend class StrictMock;
+
+  // Tells Google Mock to allow uninteresting calls on the given mock
+  // object.
+  // L < g_gmock_mutex
+  static void AllowUninterestingCalls(const void* mock_obj);
+
+  // Tells Google Mock to warn the user about uninteresting calls on
+  // the given mock object.
+  // L < g_gmock_mutex
+  static void WarnUninterestingCalls(const void* mock_obj);
+
+  // Tells Google Mock to fail uninteresting calls on the given mock
+  // object.
+  // L < g_gmock_mutex
+  static void FailUninterestingCalls(const void* mock_obj);
+
+  // Tells Google Mock the given mock object is being destroyed and
+  // its entry in the call-reaction table should be removed.
+  // L < g_gmock_mutex
+  static void UnregisterCallReaction(const void* mock_obj);
+
+  // Returns the reaction Google Mock will have on uninteresting calls
+  // made on the given mock object.
+  // L < g_gmock_mutex
+  static internal::CallReaction GetReactionOnUninterestingCalls(
+      const void* mock_obj);
+
+  // Verifies that all expectations on the given mock object have been
+  // satisfied.  Reports one or more Google Test non-fatal failures
+  // and returns false if not.
+  // L >= g_gmock_mutex
+  static bool VerifyAndClearExpectationsLocked(void* mock_obj);
+
+  // Clears all ON_CALL()s set on the given mock object.
+  // L >= g_gmock_mutex
+  static void ClearDefaultActionsLocked(void* mock_obj);
+
+  // Registers a mock object and a mock method it owns.
+  // L < g_gmock_mutex
+  static void Register(const void* mock_obj,
+                       internal::UntypedFunctionMockerBase* mocker);
+
+  // Tells Google Mock where in the source code mock_obj is used in an
+  // ON_CALL or EXPECT_CALL.  In case mock_obj is leaked, this
+  // information helps the user identify which object it is.
+  // L < g_gmock_mutex
+  static void RegisterUseByOnCallOrExpectCall(
+      const void* mock_obj, const char* file, int line);
+
+  // Unregisters a mock method; removes the owning mock object from
+  // the registry when the last mock method associated with it has
+  // been unregistered.  This is called only in the destructor of
+  // FunctionMockerBase.
+  // L >= g_gmock_mutex
+  static void UnregisterLocked(internal::UntypedFunctionMockerBase* mocker);
+};  // class Mock
+
+// Sequence objects are used by a user to specify the relative order
+// in which the expectations should match.  They are copyable (we rely
+// on the compiler-defined copy constructor and assignment operator).
+class Sequence {
+ public:
+  // Constructs an empty sequence.
+  Sequence()
+      : last_expectation_(
+          new internal::linked_ptr<internal::ExpectationBase>(NULL)) {}
+
+  // Adds an expectation to this sequence.  The caller must ensure
+  // that no other thread is accessing this Sequence object.
+  void AddExpectation(
+      const internal::linked_ptr<internal::ExpectationBase>& expectation) const;
+ private:
+  // The last expectation in this sequence.  We use a nested
+  // linked_ptr here because:
+  //   - Sequence objects are copyable, and we want the copies to act
+  //     as aliases.  The outer linked_ptr allows the copies to co-own
+  //     and share the same state.
+  //   - An Expectation object is co-owned (via linked_ptr) by its
+  //     FunctionMocker and its successors (other Expectation objects).
+  //     Hence the inner linked_ptr.
+  internal::linked_ptr<internal::linked_ptr<internal::ExpectationBase> >
+      last_expectation_;
+};  // class Sequence
+
+// An object of this type causes all EXPECT_CALL() statements
+// encountered in its scope to be put in an anonymous sequence.  The
+// work is done in the constructor and destructor.  You should only
+// create an InSequence object on the stack.
+//
+// The sole purpose for this class is to support easy definition of
+// sequential expectations, e.g.
+//
+//   {
+//     InSequence dummy;  // The name of the object doesn't matter.
+//
+//     // The following expectations must match in the order they appear.
+//     EXPECT_CALL(a, Bar())...;
+//     EXPECT_CALL(a, Baz())...;
+//     ...
+//     EXPECT_CALL(b, Xyz())...;
+//   }
+//
+// You can create InSequence objects in multiple threads, as long as
+// they are used to affect different mock objects.  The idea is that
+// each thread can create and set up its own mocks as if it's the only
+// thread.  However, for clarity of your tests we recommend you to set
+// up mocks in the main thread unless you have a good reason not to do
+// so.
+class InSequence {
+ public:
+  InSequence();
+  ~InSequence();
+ private:
+  bool sequence_created_;
+
+  GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(InSequence);  // NOLINT
+} GMOCK_ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED_;
+
+namespace internal {
+
+// Points to the implicit sequence introduced by a living InSequence
+// object (if any) in the current thread or NULL.
+extern ThreadLocal<Sequence*> g_gmock_implicit_sequence;
+
+// Base class for implementing expectations.
+//
+// There are two reasons for having a type-agnostic base class for
+// Expectation:
+//
+//   1. We need to store collections of expectations of different
+//   types (e.g. all pre-requisites of a particular expectation, all
+//   expectations in a sequence).  Therefore these expectation objects
+//   must share a common base class.
+//
+//   2. We can avoid binary code bloat by moving methods not depending
+//   on the template argument of Expectation to the base class.
+//
+// This class is internal and mustn't be used by user code directly.
+class ExpectationBase {
+ public:
+  ExpectationBase(const char* file, int line);
+
+  virtual ~ExpectationBase();
+
+  // Where in the source file was the expectation spec defined?
+  const char* file() const { return file_; }
+  int line() const { return line_; }
+
+  // Returns the cardinality specified in the expectation spec.
+  const Cardinality& cardinality() const { return cardinality_; }
+
+  // Describes the source file location of this expectation.
+  void DescribeLocationTo(::std::ostream* os) const {
+    *os << file() << ":" << line() << ": ";
+  }
+
+  // Describes how many times a function call matching this
+  // expectation has occurred.
+  // L >= g_gmock_mutex
+  virtual void DescribeCallCountTo(::std::ostream* os) const = 0;
+ protected:
+  typedef std::set<linked_ptr<ExpectationBase>,
+                   LinkedPtrLessThan<ExpectationBase> >
+      ExpectationBaseSet;
+
+  enum Clause {
+    // Don't change the order of the enum members!
+    NONE,
+    WITH_ARGUMENTS,
+    TIMES,
+    IN_SEQUENCE,
+    WILL_ONCE,
+    WILL_REPEATEDLY,
+    RETIRES_ON_SATURATION,
+  };
+
+  // Asserts that the EXPECT_CALL() statement has the given property.
+  void AssertSpecProperty(bool property, const string& failure_message) const {
+    Assert(property, file_, line_, failure_message);
+  }
+
+  // Expects that the EXPECT_CALL() statement has the given property.
+  void ExpectSpecProperty(bool property, const string& failure_message) const {
+    Expect(property, file_, line_, failure_message);
+  }
+
+  // Explicitly specifies the cardinality of this expectation.  Used
+  // by the subclasses to implement the .Times() clause.
+  void SpecifyCardinality(const Cardinality& cardinality);
+
+  // Returns true iff the user specified the cardinality explicitly
+  // using a .Times().
+  bool cardinality_specified() const { return cardinality_specified_; }
+
+  // Sets the cardinality of this expectation spec.
+  void set_cardinality(const Cardinality& cardinality) {
+    cardinality_ = cardinality;
+  }
+
+  // The following group of methods should only be called after the
+  // EXPECT_CALL() statement, and only when g_gmock_mutex is held by
+  // the current thread.
+
+  // Retires all pre-requisites of this expectation.
+  // L >= g_gmock_mutex
+  void RetireAllPreRequisites();
+
+  // Returns true iff this expectation is retired.
+  // L >= g_gmock_mutex
+  bool is_retired() const {
+    g_gmock_mutex.AssertHeld();
+    return retired_;
+  }
+
+  // Retires this expectation.
+  // L >= g_gmock_mutex
+  void Retire() {
+    g_gmock_mutex.AssertHeld();
+    retired_ = true;
+  }
+
+  // Returns true iff this expectation is satisfied.
+  // L >= g_gmock_mutex
+  bool IsSatisfied() const {
+    g_gmock_mutex.AssertHeld();
+    return cardinality().IsSatisfiedByCallCount(call_count_);
+  }
+
+  // Returns true iff this expectation is saturated.
+  // L >= g_gmock_mutex
+  bool IsSaturated() const {
+    g_gmock_mutex.AssertHeld();
+    return cardinality().IsSaturatedByCallCount(call_count_);
+  }
+
+  // Returns true iff this expectation is over-saturated.
+  // L >= g_gmock_mutex
+  bool IsOverSaturated() const {
+    g_gmock_mutex.AssertHeld();
+    return cardinality().IsOverSaturatedByCallCount(call_count_);
+  }
+
+  // Returns true iff all pre-requisites of this expectation are satisfied.
+  // L >= g_gmock_mutex
+  bool AllPrerequisitesAreSatisfied() const;
+
+  // Adds unsatisfied pre-requisites of this expectation to 'result'.
+  // L >= g_gmock_mutex
+  void FindUnsatisfiedPrerequisites(ExpectationBaseSet* result) const;
+
+  // Returns the number this expectation has been invoked.
+  // L >= g_gmock_mutex
+  int call_count() const {
+    g_gmock_mutex.AssertHeld();
+    return call_count_;
+  }
+
+  // Increments the number this expectation has been invoked.
+  // L >= g_gmock_mutex
+  void IncrementCallCount() {
+    g_gmock_mutex.AssertHeld();
+    call_count_++;
+  }
+
+ private:
+  friend class ::testing::Sequence;
+  friend class ::testing::internal::ExpectationTester;
+
+  template <typename Function>
+  friend class Expectation;
+
+  // This group of fields are part of the spec and won't change after
+  // an EXPECT_CALL() statement finishes.
+  const char* file_;  // The file that contains the expectation.
+  int line_;          // The line number of the expectation.
+  // True iff the cardinality is specified explicitly.
+  bool cardinality_specified_;
+  Cardinality cardinality_;            // The cardinality of the expectation.
+  // The immediate pre-requisites of this expectation.  We use
+  // linked_ptr in the set because we want an Expectation object to be
+  // co-owned by its FunctionMocker and its successors.  This allows
+  // multiple mock objects to be deleted at different times.
+  ExpectationBaseSet immediate_prerequisites_;
+
+  // This group of fields are the current state of the expectation,
+  // and can change as the mock function is called.
+  int call_count_;  // How many times this expectation has been invoked.
+  bool retired_;    // True iff this expectation has retired.
+};  // class ExpectationBase
+
+// Impements an expectation for the given function type.
+template <typename F>
+class Expectation : public ExpectationBase {
+ public:
+  typedef typename Function<F>::ArgumentTuple ArgumentTuple;
+  typedef typename Function<F>::ArgumentMatcherTuple ArgumentMatcherTuple;
+  typedef typename Function<F>::Result Result;
+
+  Expectation(FunctionMockerBase<F>* owner, const char* file, int line,
+              const ArgumentMatcherTuple& m)
+      : ExpectationBase(file, line),
+        owner_(owner),
+        matchers_(m),
+        // By default, extra_matcher_ should match anything.  However,
+        // we cannot initialize it with _ as that triggers a compiler
+        // bug in Symbian's C++ compiler (cannot decide between two
+        // overloaded constructors of Matcher<const ArgumentTuple&>).
+        extra_matcher_(A<const ArgumentTuple&>()),
+        repeated_action_specified_(false),
+        repeated_action_(DoDefault()),
+        retires_on_saturation_(false),
+        last_clause_(NONE),
+        action_count_checked_(false) {}
+
+  virtual ~Expectation() {
+    // Check the validity of the action count if it hasn't been done
+    // yet (for example, if the expectation was never used).
+    CheckActionCountIfNotDone();
+  }
+
+  // Implements the .WithArguments() clause.
+  Expectation& WithArguments(const Matcher<const ArgumentTuple&>& m) {
+    if (last_clause_ == WITH_ARGUMENTS) {
+      ExpectSpecProperty(false,
+                         ".WithArguments() cannot appear "
+                         "more than once in an EXPECT_CALL().");
+    } else {
+      ExpectSpecProperty(last_clause_ < WITH_ARGUMENTS,
+                         ".WithArguments() must be the first "
+                         "clause in an EXPECT_CALL().");
+    }
+    last_clause_ = WITH_ARGUMENTS;
+
+    extra_matcher_ = m;
+    return *this;
+  }
+
+  // Implements the .Times() clause.
+  Expectation& Times(const Cardinality& cardinality) {
+    if (last_clause_ ==TIMES) {
+      ExpectSpecProperty(false,
+                         ".Times() cannot appear "
+                         "more than once in an EXPECT_CALL().");
+    } else {
+      ExpectSpecProperty(last_clause_ < TIMES,
+                         ".Times() cannot appear after "
+                         ".InSequence(), .WillOnce(), .WillRepeatedly(), "
+                         "or .RetiresOnSaturation().");
+    }
+    last_clause_ = TIMES;
+
+    ExpectationBase::SpecifyCardinality(cardinality);
+    return *this;
+  }
+
+  // Implements the .Times() clause.
+  Expectation& Times(int n) {
+    return Times(Exactly(n));
+  }
+
+  // Implements the .InSequence() clause.
+  Expectation& InSequence(const Sequence& s) {
+    ExpectSpecProperty(last_clause_ <= IN_SEQUENCE,
+                       ".InSequence() cannot appear after .WillOnce(),"
+                       " .WillRepeatedly(), or "
+                       ".RetiresOnSaturation().");
+    last_clause_ = IN_SEQUENCE;
+
+    s.AddExpectation(owner_->GetLinkedExpectationBase(this));
+    return *this;
+  }
+  Expectation& InSequence(const Sequence& s1, const Sequence& s2) {
+    return InSequence(s1).InSequence(s2);
+  }
+  Expectation& InSequence(const Sequence& s1, const Sequence& s2,
+                              const Sequence& s3) {
+    return InSequence(s1, s2).InSequence(s3);
+  }
+  Expectation& InSequence(const Sequence& s1, const Sequence& s2,
+                              const Sequence& s3, const Sequence& s4) {
+    return InSequence(s1, s2, s3).InSequence(s4);
+  }
+  Expectation& InSequence(const Sequence& s1, const Sequence& s2,
+                              const Sequence& s3, const Sequence& s4,
+                              const Sequence& s5) {
+    return InSequence(s1, s2, s3, s4).InSequence(s5);
+  }
+
+  // Implements the .WillOnce() clause.
+  Expectation& WillOnce(const Action<F>& action) {
+    ExpectSpecProperty(last_clause_ <= WILL_ONCE,
+                       ".WillOnce() cannot appear after "
+                       ".WillRepeatedly() or .RetiresOnSaturation().");
+    last_clause_ = WILL_ONCE;
+
+    actions_.push_back(action);
+    if (!cardinality_specified()) {
+      set_cardinality(Exactly(static_cast<int>(actions_.size())));
+    }
+    return *this;
+  }
+
+  // Implements the .WillRepeatedly() clause.
+  Expectation& WillRepeatedly(const Action<F>& action) {
+    if (last_clause_ == WILL_REPEATEDLY) {
+      ExpectSpecProperty(false,
+                         ".WillRepeatedly() cannot appear "
+                         "more than once in an EXPECT_CALL().");
+    } else {
+      ExpectSpecProperty(last_clause_ < WILL_REPEATEDLY,
+                         ".WillRepeatedly() cannot appear "
+                         "after .RetiresOnSaturation().");
+    }
+    last_clause_ = WILL_REPEATEDLY;
+    repeated_action_specified_ = true;
+
+    repeated_action_ = action;
+    if (!cardinality_specified()) {
+      set_cardinality(AtLeast(static_cast<int>(actions_.size())));
+    }
+
+    // Now that no more action clauses can be specified, we check
+    // whether their count makes sense.
+    CheckActionCountIfNotDone();
+    return *this;
+  }
+
+  // Implements the .RetiresOnSaturation() clause.
+  Expectation& RetiresOnSaturation() {
+    ExpectSpecProperty(last_clause_ < RETIRES_ON_SATURATION,
+                       ".RetiresOnSaturation() cannot appear "
+                       "more than once.");
+    last_clause_ = RETIRES_ON_SATURATION;
+    retires_on_saturation_ = true;
+
+    // Now that no more action clauses can be specified, we check
+    // whether their count makes sense.
+    CheckActionCountIfNotDone();
+    return *this;
+  }
+
+  // Returns the matchers for the arguments as specified inside the
+  // EXPECT_CALL() macro.
+  const ArgumentMatcherTuple& matchers() const {
+    return matchers_;
+  }
+
+  // Returns the matcher specified by the .WithArguments() clause.
+  const Matcher<const ArgumentTuple&>& extra_matcher() const {
+    return extra_matcher_;
+  }
+
+  // Returns the sequence of actions specified by the .WillOnce() clause.
+  const std::vector<Action<F> >& actions() const { return actions_; }
+
+  // Returns the action specified by the .WillRepeatedly() clause.
+  const Action<F>& repeated_action() const { return repeated_action_; }
+
+  // Returns true iff the .RetiresOnSaturation() clause was specified.
+  bool retires_on_saturation() const { return retires_on_saturation_; }
+
+  // Describes how many times a function call matching this
+  // expectation has occurred (implements
+  // ExpectationBase::DescribeCallCountTo()).
+  // L >= g_gmock_mutex
+  virtual void DescribeCallCountTo(::std::ostream* os) const {
+    g_gmock_mutex.AssertHeld();
+
+    // Describes how many times the function is expected to be called.
+    *os << "         Expected: to be ";
+    cardinality().DescribeTo(os);
+    *os << "\n           Actual: ";
+    Cardinality::DescribeActualCallCountTo(call_count(), os);
+
+    // Describes the state of the expectation (e.g. is it satisfied?
+    // is it active?).
+    *os << " - " << (IsOverSaturated() ? "over-saturated" :
+                     IsSaturated() ? "saturated" :
+                     IsSatisfied() ? "satisfied" : "unsatisfied")
+        << " and "
+        << (is_retired() ? "retired" : "active");
+  }
+ private:
+  template <typename Function>
+  friend class FunctionMockerBase;
+
+  template <typename R, typename Function>
+  friend class InvokeWithHelper;
+
+  // The following methods will be called only after the EXPECT_CALL()
+  // statement finishes and when the current thread holds
+  // g_gmock_mutex.
+
+  // Returns true iff this expectation matches the given arguments.
+  // L >= g_gmock_mutex
+  bool Matches(const ArgumentTuple& args) const {
+    g_gmock_mutex.AssertHeld();
+    return TupleMatches(matchers_, args) && extra_matcher_.Matches(args);
+  }
+
+  // Returns true iff this expectation should handle the given arguments.
+  // L >= g_gmock_mutex
+  bool ShouldHandleArguments(const ArgumentTuple& args) const {
+    g_gmock_mutex.AssertHeld();
+
+    // In case the action count wasn't checked when the expectation
+    // was defined (e.g. if this expectation has no WillRepeatedly()
+    // or RetiresOnSaturation() clause), we check it when the
+    // expectation is used for the first time.
+    CheckActionCountIfNotDone();
+    return !is_retired() && AllPrerequisitesAreSatisfied() && Matches(args);
+  }
+
+  // Describes the result of matching the arguments against this
+  // expectation to the given ostream.
+  // L >= g_gmock_mutex
+  void DescribeMatchResultTo(const ArgumentTuple& args,
+                             ::std::ostream* os) const {
+    g_gmock_mutex.AssertHeld();
+
+    if (is_retired()) {
+      *os << "         Expected: the expectation is active\n"
+          << "           Actual: it is retired\n";
+    } else if (!Matches(args)) {
+      if (!TupleMatches(matchers_, args)) {
+        DescribeMatchFailureTupleTo(matchers_, args, os);
+      }
+      if (!extra_matcher_.Matches(args)) {
+        *os << "         Expected: ";
+        extra_matcher_.DescribeTo(os);
+        *os << "\n           Actual: false";
+
+        internal::ExplainMatchResultAsNeededTo<const ArgumentTuple&>(
+            extra_matcher_, args, os);
+        *os << "\n";
+      }
+    } else if (!AllPrerequisitesAreSatisfied()) {
+      *os << "         Expected: all pre-requisites are satisfied\n"
+          << "           Actual: the following immediate pre-requisites "
+          << "are not satisfied:\n";
+      ExpectationBaseSet unsatisfied_prereqs;
+      FindUnsatisfiedPrerequisites(&unsatisfied_prereqs);
+      int i = 0;
+      for (ExpectationBaseSet::const_iterator it = unsatisfied_prereqs.begin();
+           it != unsatisfied_prereqs.end(); ++it) {
+        (*it)->DescribeLocationTo(os);
+        *os << "pre-requisite #" << i++ << "\n";
+      }
+      *os << "                   (end of pre-requisites)\n";
+    } else {
+      // This line is here just for completeness' sake.  It will never
+      // be executed as currently the DescribeMatchResultTo() function
+      // is called only when the mock function call does NOT match the
+      // expectation.
+      *os << "The call matches the expectation.\n";
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Returns the action that should be taken for the current invocation.
+  // L >= g_gmock_mutex
+  const Action<F>& GetCurrentAction(const FunctionMockerBase<F>* mocker,
+                                    const ArgumentTuple& args) const {
+    g_gmock_mutex.AssertHeld();
+    const int count = call_count();
+    Assert(count >= 1, __FILE__, __LINE__,
+           "call_count() is <= 0 when GetCurrentAction() is "
+           "called - this should never happen.");
+
+    const int action_count = static_cast<int>(actions().size());
+    if (action_count > 0 && !repeated_action_specified_ &&
+        count > action_count) {
+      // If there is at least one WillOnce() and no WillRepeatedly(),
+      // we warn the user when the WillOnce() clauses ran out.
+      ::std::stringstream ss;
+      DescribeLocationTo(&ss);
+      ss << "Actions ran out.\n"
+         << "Called " << count << " times, but only "
+         << action_count << " WillOnce()"
+         << (action_count == 1 ? " is" : "s are") << " specified - ";
+      mocker->DescribeDefaultActionTo(args, &ss);
+      Log(WARNING, ss.str(), 1);
+    }
+
+    return count <= action_count ? actions()[count - 1] : repeated_action();
+  }
+
+  // Given the arguments of a mock function call, if the call will
+  // over-saturate this expectation, returns the default action;
+  // otherwise, returns the next action in this expectation.  Also
+  // describes *what* happened to 'what', and explains *why* Google
+  // Mock does it to 'why'.  This method is not const as it calls
+  // IncrementCallCount().
+  // L >= g_gmock_mutex
+  Action<F> GetActionForArguments(const FunctionMockerBase<F>* mocker,
+                                  const ArgumentTuple& args,
+                                  ::std::ostream* what,
+                                  ::std::ostream* why) {
+    g_gmock_mutex.AssertHeld();
+    if (IsSaturated()) {
+      // We have an excessive call.
+      IncrementCallCount();
+      *what << "Mock function called more times than expected - ";
+      mocker->DescribeDefaultActionTo(args, what);
+      DescribeCallCountTo(why);
+
+      // TODO(wan): allow the user to control whether unexpected calls
+      // should fail immediately or continue using a flag
+      // --gmock_unexpected_calls_are_fatal.
+      return DoDefault();
+    }
+
+    IncrementCallCount();
+    RetireAllPreRequisites();
+
+    if (retires_on_saturation() && IsSaturated()) {
+      Retire();
+    }
+
+    // Must be done after IncrementCount()!
+    *what << "Expected mock function call.\n";
+    return GetCurrentAction(mocker, args);
+  }
+
+  // Checks the action count (i.e. the number of WillOnce() and
+  // WillRepeatedly() clauses) against the cardinality if this hasn't
+  // been done before.  Prints a warning if there are too many or too
+  // few actions.
+  // L < mutex_
+  void CheckActionCountIfNotDone() const {
+    bool should_check = false;
+    {
+      MutexLock l(&mutex_);
+      if (!action_count_checked_) {
+        action_count_checked_ = true;
+        should_check = true;
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (should_check) {
+      if (!cardinality_specified_) {
+        // The cardinality was inferred - no need to check the action
+        // count against it.
+        return;
+      }
+
+      // The cardinality was explicitly specified.
+      const int action_count = static_cast<int>(actions_.size());
+      const int upper_bound = cardinality().ConservativeUpperBound();
+      const int lower_bound = cardinality().ConservativeLowerBound();
+      bool too_many;  // True if there are too many actions, or false
+                      // if there are too few.
+      if (action_count > upper_bound ||
+          (action_count == upper_bound && repeated_action_specified_)) {
+        too_many = true;
+      } else if (0 < action_count && action_count < lower_bound &&
+                 !repeated_action_specified_) {
+        too_many = false;
+      } else {
+        return;
+      }
+
+      ::std::stringstream ss;
+      DescribeLocationTo(&ss);
+      ss << "Too " << (too_many ? "many" : "few")
+         << " actions specified.\n"
+         << "Expected to be ";
+      cardinality().DescribeTo(&ss);
+      ss << ", but has " << (too_many ? "" : "only ")
+         << action_count << " WillOnce()"
+         << (action_count == 1 ? "" : "s");
+      if (repeated_action_specified_) {
+        ss << " and a WillRepeatedly()";
+      }
+      ss << ".";
+      Log(WARNING, ss.str(), -1);  // -1 means "don't print stack trace".
+    }
+  }
+
+  // All the fields below won't change once the EXPECT_CALL()
+  // statement finishes.
+  FunctionMockerBase<F>* const owner_;
+  ArgumentMatcherTuple matchers_;
+  Matcher<const ArgumentTuple&> extra_matcher_;
+  std::vector<Action<F> > actions_;
+  bool repeated_action_specified_;  // True if a WillRepeatedly() was specified.
+  Action<F> repeated_action_;
+  bool retires_on_saturation_;
+  Clause last_clause_;
+  mutable bool action_count_checked_;  // Under mutex_.
+  mutable Mutex mutex_;  // Protects action_count_checked_.
+};  // class Expectation
+
+// A MockSpec object is used by ON_CALL() or EXPECT_CALL() for
+// specifying the default behavior of, or expectation on, a mock
+// function.
+
+// Note: class MockSpec really belongs to the ::testing namespace.
+// However if we define it in ::testing, MSVC will complain when
+// classes in ::testing::internal declare it as a friend class
+// template.  To workaround this compiler bug, we define MockSpec in
+// ::testing::internal and import it into ::testing.
+
+template <typename F>
+class MockSpec {
+ public:
+  typedef typename internal::Function<F>::ArgumentTuple ArgumentTuple;
+  typedef typename internal::Function<F>::ArgumentMatcherTuple
+      ArgumentMatcherTuple;
+
+  // Constructs a MockSpec object, given the function mocker object
+  // that the spec is associated with.
+  explicit MockSpec(internal::FunctionMockerBase<F>* function_mocker)
+      : function_mocker_(function_mocker) {}
+
+  // Adds a new default action spec to the function mocker and returns
+  // the newly created spec.
+  internal::DefaultActionSpec<F>& InternalDefaultActionSetAt(
+      const char* file, int line, const char* obj, const char* call) {
+    LogWithLocation(internal::INFO, file, line,
+        string("ON_CALL(") + obj + ", " + call + ") invoked");
+    return function_mocker_->AddNewDefaultActionSpec(file, line, matchers_);
+  }
+
+  // Adds a new expectation spec to the function mocker and returns
+  // the newly created spec.
+  internal::Expectation<F>& InternalExpectedAt(
+      const char* file, int line, const char* obj, const char* call) {
+    LogWithLocation(internal::INFO, file, line,
+        string("EXPECT_CALL(") + obj + ", " + call + ") invoked");
+    return function_mocker_->AddNewExpectation(file, line, matchers_);
+  }
+
+ private:
+  template <typename Function>
+  friend class internal::FunctionMocker;
+
+  void SetMatchers(const ArgumentMatcherTuple& matchers) {
+    matchers_ = matchers;
+  }
+
+  // Logs a message including file and line number information.
+  void LogWithLocation(testing::internal::LogSeverity severity,
+                       const char* file, int line,
+                       const string& message) {
+    ::std::ostringstream s;
+    s << file << ":" << line << ": " << message << ::std::endl;
+    Log(severity, s.str(), 0);
+  }
+
+  // The function mocker that owns this spec.
+  internal::FunctionMockerBase<F>* const function_mocker_;
+  // The argument matchers specified in the spec.
+  ArgumentMatcherTuple matchers_;
+};  // class MockSpec
+
+// MSVC warns about using 'this' in base member initializer list, so
+// we need to temporarily disable the warning.  We have to do it for
+// the entire class to suppress the warning, even though it's about
+// the constructor only.
+
+#ifdef _MSC_VER
+#pragma warning(push)          // Saves the current warning state.
+#pragma warning(disable:4355)  // Temporarily disables warning 4355.
+#endif  // _MSV_VER
+
+// The base of the function mocker class for the given function type.
+// We put the methods in this class instead of its child to avoid code
+// bloat.
+template <typename F>
+class FunctionMockerBase : public UntypedFunctionMockerBase {
+ public:
+  typedef typename Function<F>::Result Result;
+  typedef typename Function<F>::ArgumentTuple ArgumentTuple;
+  typedef typename Function<F>::ArgumentMatcherTuple ArgumentMatcherTuple;
+
+  FunctionMockerBase() : mock_obj_(NULL), name_(""), current_spec_(this) {}
+
+  // The destructor verifies that all expectations on this mock
+  // function have been satisfied.  If not, it will report Google Test
+  // non-fatal failures for the violations.
+  // L < g_gmock_mutex
+  virtual ~FunctionMockerBase() {
+    MutexLock l(&g_gmock_mutex);
+    VerifyAndClearExpectationsLocked();
+    Mock::UnregisterLocked(this);
+  }
+
+  // Returns the ON_CALL spec that matches this mock function with the
+  // given arguments; returns NULL if no matching ON_CALL is found.
+  // L = *
+  const DefaultActionSpec<F>* FindDefaultActionSpec(
+      const ArgumentTuple& args) const {
+    for (typename std::vector<DefaultActionSpec<F> >::const_reverse_iterator it
+             = default_actions_.rbegin();
+         it != default_actions_.rend(); ++it) {
+      const DefaultActionSpec<F>& spec = *it;
+      if (spec.Matches(args))
+        return &spec;
+    }
+
+    return NULL;
+  }
+
+  // Performs the default action of this mock function on the given arguments
+  // and returns the result. Asserts with a helpful call descrption if there is
+  // no valid return value. This method doesn't depend on the mutable state of
+  // this object, and thus can be called concurrently without locking.
+  // L = *
+  Result PerformDefaultAction(const ArgumentTuple& args,
+                              const string& call_description) const {
+    const DefaultActionSpec<F>* const spec = FindDefaultActionSpec(args);
+    if (spec != NULL) {
+      return spec->GetAction().Perform(args);
+    }
+    Assert(DefaultValue<Result>::Exists(), "", -1,
+           call_description + "\n    The mock function has no default action "
+           "set, and its return type has no default value set.");
+    return DefaultValue<Result>::Get();
+  }
+
+  // Registers this function mocker and the mock object owning it;
+  // returns a reference to the function mocker object.  This is only
+  // called by the ON_CALL() and EXPECT_CALL() macros.
+  // L < g_gmock_mutex
+  FunctionMocker<F>& RegisterOwner(const void* mock_obj) {
+    {
+      MutexLock l(&g_gmock_mutex);
+      mock_obj_ = mock_obj;
+    }
+    Mock::Register(mock_obj, this);
+    return *::testing::internal::down_cast<FunctionMocker<F>*>(this);
+  }
+
+  // The following two functions are from UntypedFunctionMockerBase.
+
+  // Verifies that all expectations on this mock function have been
+  // satisfied.  Reports one or more Google Test non-fatal failures
+  // and returns false if not.
+  // L >= g_gmock_mutex
+  virtual bool VerifyAndClearExpectationsLocked();
+
+  // Clears the ON_CALL()s set on this mock function.
+  // L >= g_gmock_mutex
+  virtual void ClearDefaultActionsLocked() {
+    g_gmock_mutex.AssertHeld();
+    default_actions_.clear();
+  }
+
+  // Sets the name of the function being mocked.  Will be called upon
+  // each invocation of this mock function.
+  // L < g_gmock_mutex
+  void SetOwnerAndName(const void* mock_obj, const char* name) {
+    // We protect name_ under g_gmock_mutex in case this mock function
+    // is called from two threads concurrently.
+    MutexLock l(&g_gmock_mutex);
+    mock_obj_ = mock_obj;
+    name_ = name;
+  }
+
+  // Returns the address of the mock object this method belongs to.
+  // Must be called after SetOwnerAndName() has been called.
+  // L < g_gmock_mutex
+  const void* MockObject() const {
+    const void* mock_obj;
+    {
+      // We protect mock_obj_ under g_gmock_mutex in case this mock
+      // function is called from two threads concurrently.
+      MutexLock l(&g_gmock_mutex);
+      mock_obj = mock_obj_;
+    }
+    return mock_obj;
+  }
+
+  // Returns the name of the function being mocked.  Must be called
+  // after SetOwnerAndName() has been called.
+  // L < g_gmock_mutex
+  const char* Name() const {
+    const char* name;
+    {
+      // We protect name_ under g_gmock_mutex in case this mock
+      // function is called from two threads concurrently.
+      MutexLock l(&g_gmock_mutex);
+      name = name_;
+    }
+    return name;
+  }
+ protected:
+  template <typename Function>
+  friend class MockSpec;
+
+  template <typename R, typename Function>
+  friend class InvokeWithHelper;
+
+  // Returns the result of invoking this mock function with the given
+  // arguments.  This function can be safely called from multiple
+  // threads concurrently.
+  // L < g_gmock_mutex
+  Result InvokeWith(const ArgumentTuple& args) {
+    return InvokeWithHelper<Result, F>::InvokeAndPrintResult(this, args);
+  }
+
+  // Adds and returns a default action spec for this mock function.
+  // L < g_gmock_mutex
+  DefaultActionSpec<F>& AddNewDefaultActionSpec(
+      const char* file, int line,
+      const ArgumentMatcherTuple& m) {
+    Mock::RegisterUseByOnCallOrExpectCall(MockObject(), file, line);
+    default_actions_.push_back(DefaultActionSpec<F>(file, line, m));
+    return default_actions_.back();
+  }
+
+  // Adds and returns an expectation spec for this mock function.
+  // L < g_gmock_mutex
+  Expectation<F>& AddNewExpectation(
+      const char* file, int line,
+      const ArgumentMatcherTuple& m) {
+    Mock::RegisterUseByOnCallOrExpectCall(MockObject(), file, line);
+    const linked_ptr<Expectation<F> > expectation(
+        new Expectation<F>(this, file, line, m));
+    expectations_.push_back(expectation);
+
+    // Adds this expectation into the implicit sequence if there is one.
+    Sequence* const implicit_sequence = g_gmock_implicit_sequence.get();
+    if (implicit_sequence != NULL) {
+      implicit_sequence->AddExpectation(expectation);
+    }
+
+    return *expectation;
+  }
+
+  // The current spec (either default action spec or expectation spec)
+  // being described on this function mocker.
+  MockSpec<F>& current_spec() { return current_spec_; }
+ private:
+  template <typename Func> friend class Expectation;
+
+  typedef std::vector<internal::linked_ptr<Expectation<F> > > Expectations;
+
+  // Gets the internal::linked_ptr<ExpectationBase> object that co-owns 'exp'.
+  internal::linked_ptr<ExpectationBase> GetLinkedExpectationBase(
+      Expectation<F>* exp) {
+    for (typename Expectations::const_iterator it = expectations_.begin();
+         it != expectations_.end(); ++it) {
+      if (it->get() == exp) {
+        return *it;
+      }
+    }
+
+    Assert(false, __FILE__, __LINE__, "Cannot find expectation.");
+    return internal::linked_ptr<ExpectationBase>(NULL);
+    // The above statement is just to make the code compile, and will
+    // never be executed.
+  }
+
+  // Some utilities needed for implementing InvokeWith().
+
+  // Describes what default action will be performed for the given
+  // arguments.
+  // L = *
+  void DescribeDefaultActionTo(const ArgumentTuple& args,
+                               ::std::ostream* os) const {
+    const DefaultActionSpec<F>* const spec = FindDefaultActionSpec(args);
+
+    if (spec == NULL) {
+      *os << (internal::type_equals<Result, void>::value ?
+              "returning directly.\n" :
+              "returning default value.\n");
+    } else {
+      *os << "taking default action specified at:\n"
+          << spec->file() << ":" << spec->line() << ":\n";
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Writes a message that the call is uninteresting (i.e. neither
+  // explicitly expected nor explicitly unexpected) to the given
+  // ostream.
+  // L < g_gmock_mutex
+  void DescribeUninterestingCall(const ArgumentTuple& args,
+                                 ::std::ostream* os) const {
+    *os << "Uninteresting mock function call - ";
+    DescribeDefaultActionTo(args, os);
+    *os << "    Function call: " << Name();
+    UniversalPrinter<ArgumentTuple>::Print(args, os);
+  }
+
+  // Critical section: We must find the matching expectation and the
+  // corresponding action that needs to be taken in an ATOMIC
+  // transaction.  Otherwise another thread may call this mock
+  // method in the middle and mess up the state.
+  //
+  // However, performing the action has to be left out of the critical
+  // section.  The reason is that we have no control on what the
+  // action does (it can invoke an arbitrary user function or even a
+  // mock function) and excessive locking could cause a dead lock.
+  // L < g_gmock_mutex
+  bool FindMatchingExpectationAndAction(
+      const ArgumentTuple& args, Expectation<F>** exp, Action<F>* action,
+      bool* is_excessive, ::std::ostream* what, ::std::ostream* why) {
+    MutexLock l(&g_gmock_mutex);
+    *exp = this->FindMatchingExpectationLocked(args);
+    if (*exp == NULL) {  // A match wasn't found.
+      *action = DoDefault();
+      this->FormatUnexpectedCallMessageLocked(args, what, why);
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    // This line must be done before calling GetActionForArguments(),
+    // which will increment the call count for *exp and thus affect
+    // its saturation status.
+    *is_excessive = (*exp)->IsSaturated();
+    *action = (*exp)->GetActionForArguments(this, args, what, why);
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  // Returns the expectation that matches the arguments, or NULL if no
+  // expectation matches them.
+  // L >= g_gmock_mutex
+  Expectation<F>* FindMatchingExpectationLocked(
+      const ArgumentTuple& args) const {
+    g_gmock_mutex.AssertHeld();
+    for (typename Expectations::const_reverse_iterator it =
+             expectations_.rbegin();
+         it != expectations_.rend(); ++it) {
+      Expectation<F>* const exp = it->get();
+      if (exp->ShouldHandleArguments(args)) {
+        return exp;
+      }
+    }
+    return NULL;
+  }
+
+  // Returns a message that the arguments don't match any expectation.
+  // L >= g_gmock_mutex
+  void FormatUnexpectedCallMessageLocked(const ArgumentTuple& args,
+                                         ::std::ostream* os,
+                                         ::std::ostream* why) const {
+    g_gmock_mutex.AssertHeld();
+    *os << "\nUnexpected mock function call - ";
+    DescribeDefaultActionTo(args, os);
+    PrintTriedExpectationsLocked(args, why);
+  }
+
+  // Prints a list of expectations that have been tried against the
+  // current mock function call.
+  // L >= g_gmock_mutex
+  void PrintTriedExpectationsLocked(const ArgumentTuple& args,
+                                    ::std::ostream* why) const {
+    g_gmock_mutex.AssertHeld();
+    const int count = static_cast<int>(expectations_.size());
+    *why << "Google Mock tried the following " << count << " "
+         << (count == 1 ? "expectation, but it didn't match" :
+             "expectations, but none matched")
+         << ":\n";
+    for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
+      *why << "\n";
+      expectations_[i]->DescribeLocationTo(why);
+      if (count > 1) {
+        *why << "tried expectation #" << i;
+      }
+      *why << "\n";
+      expectations_[i]->DescribeMatchResultTo(args, why);
+      expectations_[i]->DescribeCallCountTo(why);
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Address of the mock object this mock method belongs to.  Only
+  // valid after this mock method has been called or
+  // ON_CALL/EXPECT_CALL has been invoked on it.
+  const void* mock_obj_;  // Protected by g_gmock_mutex.
+
+  // Name of the function being mocked.  Only valid after this mock
+  // method has been called.
+  const char* name_;  // Protected by g_gmock_mutex.
+
+  // The current spec (either default action spec or expectation spec)
+  // being described on this function mocker.
+  MockSpec<F> current_spec_;
+
+  // All default action specs for this function mocker.
+  std::vector<DefaultActionSpec<F> > default_actions_;
+  // All expectations for this function mocker.
+  Expectations expectations_;
+
+  // There is no generally useful and implementable semantics of
+  // copying a mock object, so copying a mock is usually a user error.
+  // Thus we disallow copying function mockers.  If the user really
+  // wants to copy a mock object, he should implement his own copy
+  // operation, for example:
+  //
+  //   class MockFoo : public Foo {
+  //    public:
+  //     // Defines a copy constructor explicitly.
+  //     MockFoo(const MockFoo& src) {}
+  //     ...
+  //   };
+  GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(FunctionMockerBase);
+};  // class FunctionMockerBase
+
+#ifdef _MSC_VER
+#pragma warning(pop)  // Restores the warning state.
+#endif  // _MSV_VER
+
+// Implements methods of FunctionMockerBase.
+
+// Verifies that all expectations on this mock function have been
+// satisfied.  Reports one or more Google Test non-fatal failures and
+// returns false if not.
+// L >= g_gmock_mutex
+template <typename F>
+bool FunctionMockerBase<F>::VerifyAndClearExpectationsLocked() {
+  g_gmock_mutex.AssertHeld();
+  bool expectations_met = true;
+  for (typename Expectations::const_iterator it = expectations_.begin();
+       it != expectations_.end(); ++it) {
+    Expectation<F>* const exp = it->get();
+
+    if (exp->IsOverSaturated()) {
+      // There was an upper-bound violation.  Since the error was
+      // already reported when it occurred, there is no need to do
+      // anything here.
+      expectations_met = false;
+    } else if (!exp->IsSatisfied()) {
+      expectations_met = false;
+      ::std::stringstream ss;
+      ss << "Actual function call count doesn't match this expectation.\n";
+      // No need to show the source file location of the expectation
+      // in the description, as the Expect() call that follows already
+      // takes care of it.
+      exp->DescribeCallCountTo(&ss);
+      Expect(false, exp->file(), exp->line(), ss.str());
+    }
+  }
+  expectations_.clear();
+  return expectations_met;
+}
+
+// Reports an uninteresting call (whose description is in msg) in the
+// manner specified by 'reaction'.
+void ReportUninterestingCall(CallReaction reaction, const string& msg);
+
+// When an uninteresting or unexpected mock function is called, we
+// want to print its return value to assist the user debugging.  Since
+// there's nothing to print when the function returns void, we need to
+// specialize the logic of FunctionMockerBase<F>::InvokeWith() for
+// void return values.
+//
+// C++ doesn't allow us to specialize a member function template
+// unless we also specialize its enclosing class, so we had to let
+// InvokeWith() delegate its work to a helper class InvokeWithHelper,
+// which can then be specialized.
+//
+// Note that InvokeWithHelper must be a class template (as opposed to
+// a function template), as only class templates can be partially
+// specialized.
+template <typename Result, typename F>
+class InvokeWithHelper {
+ public:
+  typedef typename Function<F>::ArgumentTuple ArgumentTuple;
+
+  // Calculates the result of invoking the function mocked by mocker
+  // with the given arguments, prints it, and returns it.
+  // L < g_gmock_mutex
+  static Result InvokeAndPrintResult(
+      FunctionMockerBase<F>* mocker,
+      const ArgumentTuple& args) {
+    if (mocker->expectations_.size() == 0) {
+      // No expectation is set on this mock method - we have an
+      // uninteresting call.
+
+      // Warns about the uninteresting call.
+      ::std::stringstream ss;
+      mocker->DescribeUninterestingCall(args, &ss);
+
+      // We must get Google Mock's reaction on uninteresting calls
+      // made on this mock object BEFORE performing the action,
+      // because the action may DELETE the mock object and make the
+      // following expression meaningless.
+      const CallReaction reaction =
+          Mock::GetReactionOnUninterestingCalls(mocker->MockObject());
+
+      // Calculates the function result.
+      Result result = mocker->PerformDefaultAction(args, ss.str());
+
+      // Prints the function result.
+      ss << "\n          Returns: ";
+      UniversalPrinter<Result>::Print(result, &ss);
+      ReportUninterestingCall(reaction, ss.str());
+
+      return result;
+    }
+
+    bool is_excessive = false;
+    ::std::stringstream ss;
+    ::std::stringstream why;
+    ::std::stringstream loc;
+    Action<F> action;
+    Expectation<F>* exp;
+
+    // The FindMatchingExpectationAndAction() function acquires and
+    // releases g_gmock_mutex.
+    const bool found = mocker->FindMatchingExpectationAndAction(
+        args, &exp, &action, &is_excessive, &ss, &why);
+    ss << "    Function call: " << mocker->Name();
+    UniversalPrinter<ArgumentTuple>::Print(args, &ss);
+    // In case the action deletes a piece of the expectation, we
+    // generate the message beforehand.
+    if (found && !is_excessive) {
+      exp->DescribeLocationTo(&loc);
+    }
+    Result result = action.IsDoDefault() ?
+        mocker->PerformDefaultAction(args, ss.str())
+        : action.Perform(args);
+    ss << "\n          Returns: ";
+    UniversalPrinter<Result>::Print(result, &ss);
+    ss << "\n" << why.str();
+
+    if (found) {
+      if (is_excessive) {
+        // We had an upper-bound violation and the failure message is in ss.
+        Expect(false, exp->file(), exp->line(), ss.str());
+      } else {
+        // We had an expected call and the matching expectation is
+        // described in ss.
+        Log(INFO, loc.str() + ss.str(), 3);
+      }
+    } else {
+      // No expectation matches this call - reports a failure.
+      Expect(false, NULL, -1, ss.str());
+    }
+    return result;
+  }
+};  // class InvokeWithHelper
+
+// This specialization helps to implement
+// FunctionMockerBase<F>::InvokeWith() for void-returning functions.
+template <typename F>
+class InvokeWithHelper<void, F> {
+ public:
+  typedef typename Function<F>::ArgumentTuple ArgumentTuple;
+
+  // Invokes the function mocked by mocker with the given arguments.
+  // L < g_gmock_mutex
+  static void InvokeAndPrintResult(FunctionMockerBase<F>* mocker,
+                                   const ArgumentTuple& args) {
+    const int count = static_cast<int>(mocker->expectations_.size());
+    if (count == 0) {
+      // No expectation is set on this mock method - we have an
+      // uninteresting call.
+      ::std::stringstream ss;
+      mocker->DescribeUninterestingCall(args, &ss);
+
+      // We must get Google Mock's reaction on uninteresting calls
+      // made on this mock object BEFORE performing the action,
+      // because the action may DELETE the mock object and make the
+      // following expression meaningless.
+      const CallReaction reaction =
+          Mock::GetReactionOnUninterestingCalls(mocker->MockObject());
+
+      mocker->PerformDefaultAction(args, ss.str());
+      ReportUninterestingCall(reaction, ss.str());
+      return;
+    }
+
+    bool is_excessive = false;
+    ::std::stringstream ss;
+    ::std::stringstream why;
+    ::std::stringstream loc;
+    Action<F> action;
+    Expectation<F>* exp;
+
+    // The FindMatchingExpectationAndAction() function acquires and
+    // releases g_gmock_mutex.
+    const bool found = mocker->FindMatchingExpectationAndAction(
+        args, &exp, &action, &is_excessive, &ss, &why);
+    ss << "    Function call: " << mocker->Name();
+    UniversalPrinter<ArgumentTuple>::Print(args, &ss);
+    ss << "\n" << why.str();
+    // In case the action deletes a piece of the expectation, we
+    // generate the message beforehand.
+    if (found && !is_excessive) {
+      exp->DescribeLocationTo(&loc);
+    }
+    if (action.IsDoDefault()) {
+      mocker->PerformDefaultAction(args, ss.str());
+    } else {
+      action.Perform(args);
+    }
+
+    if (found) {
+      // A matching expectation and corresponding action were found.
+      if (is_excessive) {
+        // We had an upper-bound violation and the failure message is in ss.
+        Expect(false, exp->file(), exp->line(), ss.str());
+      } else {
+        // We had an expected call and the matching expectation is
+        // described in ss.
+        Log(INFO, loc.str() + ss.str(), 3);
+      }
+    } else {
+      // No matching expectation was found - reports an error.
+      Expect(false, NULL, -1, ss.str());
+    }
+  }
+};  // class InvokeWithHelper<void, F>
+
+}  // namespace internal
+
+// The style guide prohibits "using" statements in a namespace scope
+// inside a header file.  However, the MockSpec class template is
+// meant to be defined in the ::testing namespace.  The following line
+// is just a trick for working around a bug in MSVC 8.0, which cannot
+// handle it if we define MockSpec in ::testing.
+using internal::MockSpec;
+
+// Const(x) is a convenient function for obtaining a const reference
+// to x.  This is useful for setting expectations on an overloaded
+// const mock method, e.g.
+//
+//   class MockFoo : public FooInterface {
+//    public:
+//     MOCK_METHOD0(Bar, int());
+//     MOCK_CONST_METHOD0(Bar, int&());
+//   };
+//
+//   MockFoo foo;
+//   // Expects a call to non-const MockFoo::Bar().
+//   EXPECT_CALL(foo, Bar());
+//   // Expects a call to const MockFoo::Bar().
+//   EXPECT_CALL(Const(foo), Bar());
+template <typename T>
+inline const T& Const(const T& x) { return x; }
+
+}  // namespace testing
+
+// A separate macro is required to avoid compile errors when the name
+// of the method used in call is a result of macro expansion.
+// See CompilesWithMethodNameExpandedFromMacro tests in
+// internal/gmock-spec-builders_test.cc for more details.
+#define GMOCK_ON_CALL_IMPL_(obj, call) \
+    ((obj).gmock_##call).InternalDefaultActionSetAt(__FILE__, __LINE__, \
+                                                    #obj, #call)
+#define ON_CALL(obj, call) GMOCK_ON_CALL_IMPL_(obj, call)
+
+#define GMOCK_EXPECT_CALL_IMPL_(obj, call) \
+    ((obj).gmock_##call).InternalExpectedAt(__FILE__, __LINE__, #obj, #call)
+#define EXPECT_CALL(obj, call) GMOCK_EXPECT_CALL_IMPL_(obj, call)
+
+#endif  // GMOCK_INCLUDE_GMOCK_GMOCK_SPEC_BUILDERS_H_